Rarely, and when the judge does know, it’s usually because the other parent’s malicious behavior is so way over the top as to be impossible to detect or ignore or plausibly deny. Indeed, many courts in divorce and child custody cases are often adept at “seeing” malicious behavior on the part of an innocent parent or detecting real malicious behavior, but attributing it to the innocent parent instead of correctly identifying the real culprit.
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https://www.quora.com/Does-a-family-court-judge-know-when-a-parent-is-being-malicious/answer/Eric-Johnson-311?prompt_topic_bio=1